^ [1] "Small Truth Papering Over a Big Lie"

^ Stephen D. Behrendt, David Richardson, and David Eltis, W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research, Harvard University. Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas". Stephen Behrendt (1999). "Transatlantic Slave Trade". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York: Basic Civitas Books. ISBN 0-465-00071-1. 

^ "AFRICAN-AMERICANS". History.com.

^ Birth of a Nation / "Has the bloody 200-year history of Haiti doomed it to more violence?", San Francisco Chronicle, May 30, 2004.

^ Sons Of Providence: The Brown Brothers, the Slave Trade, and the American Revolution By Charles Rappleye. 2006 Simon & Schuster. 978-0743266871

^ Richard S. Newman, Transformation of American abolitionism: fighting slavery in the early Republic chapter 1

^ Kolchin p. 96

^ Berlin pp. 161–162

^ ^{a b} Berlin pp. 168–169. Kolchin p. 96. Kolchin notes that Fogel and Engerman maintained that 84% of slaves moved with their families but "most other scholars assign far greater weight... to slave sales." Ransome (p. 582) notes that Fogel and Engermann based their conclusions on the study of some counties in Maryland in the 1830s and attempt to extrapolate that as reflective of the entire South over the entire period.

^ "Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800". Robert Davis (2004) ISBN 1-4039-4551-9

^ Rees Davies, British Slaves on the Barbary Coast, BBC, July 1, 2003

^ Halil Inalcik. "Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire" in A. Ascher, B. K. Kiraly, and T. Halasi-Kun (eds), The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern, Brooklyn College, 1979, pp. 25–43.

^ Subtelny, Orest (1988). "Ukraine: a history.". p 106

^ Fisher 'Muscovy and the Black Sea Slave Trade', pp. 580—582. [2]

^ Soldier Khan By Mike Bennighof, Ph.D. September 2007

^ "Islam and Slavery". Lse.ac.uk. 2010-07-30. collections/economicHistory/GEHN/GEHNPDF/Islam&SlaveryWGCS.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 

^ "Case studies on human rights and fundamental freedoms: a world survey". Willem Adriaan Veenhoven, Winifred Crum Ewing, Stichting Plurale Samenlevingen (1976). p.452. ISBN 90-247-1779-5

^ "Religion & Ethics - Islam and slavery: Abolition". BBC. religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_8.shtml. Retrieved 2010-05-01. 

^ "Race and slavery in the Middle East: an historical enquiry". Bernard Lewis (1992). Oxford University Press US. p.53. ISBN 0-19-505326-5

^ ""Horrible Traffic in Circassian Women—Infanticide in Turkey," New York Daily Times, August 6, 1856". Chnm.gmu.edu. lostmuseum/lm/311/. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 

^ "Soldier Khan". Avalanchepress.com. Soldier_Khan.php. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 

^ Swahili Coast. Nationalgeographic.com

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